7 research outputs found

    Adjuntos: ampliación del dominio local y formación de cadenas. Una propuesta basada en el "Movimiento Lateral"

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    La presente tesis doctoral analiza las condiciones de localidad que afectan a los constituyentes adjuntos dentro del modelo teórico Estructura de Fase Escueta (Chomsky 1995b). Recientemente se ha propuesto que los constituyentes adjuntos son tales porque se insertan en la cláusula principal por medio de la operación de concatenación (i.e. ensamble sin la proyección de una etiqueta). Partiendo de esta premisa, esta tesis investiga las consecuencias que tiene la operación de concatenación en la concepción del ámbito local. Esta tesis defiende que, a nivel teórico, los criterios de localidad que afectan a los constituyentes concatenados son los mismos que afectan a los constituyentes ensamblados. Sin embargo, los adjuntos suelen considerarse constituyentes no locales y tan solo se interpretan como locales cuando concurren una serie de circunstancias estructurales.Esta tesis investiga cuáles son las circunstancias necesarias para que se dé una interpretación local de los adjuntos, y propone que, en la formación de cadenas, un mismo operador podrá formar dos cadenas diferenciadas con dos copias uniformes que no se manden-c entre sí. La falta de mando-c entre las copias inferiores que forman cadenas con el operador hace que se conciban como copias equidistantes, de modo que, si una de las dos copias es suficientemente local para formar una cadena con el operador, la otra también lo será. De este modo, el dominio local del operador se ve ampliado. Con el fin de extender y matizar esta propuesta sobre la localidad desde una base empírica, esta tesis analiza los huecos parasíticos, algunas instancias de ligamiento y la extracción de predicados secundarios de gerundio..

    The Effect of Tear Supplementation on Ocular Surface Sensations during the Interblink Interval in Patients with Dry Eye.

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    PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of ocular surface sensations and corneal sensitivity during the interblink interval before and after tear supplementation in dry eye patients. METHODS: Twenty subjects (41.88+/-14.37 years) with dry eye symptoms were included in the dry eye group. Fourteen subjects (39.13+/-11.27 years) without any clinical signs and/or symptoms of dry eye were included in the control group. Tear film dynamics was assessed by non-invasive tear film breakup time (NI-BUT) in parallel with continuous recordings of ocular sensations during forced blinking. Corneal sensitivity to selective stimulation of corneal mechano-, cold and chemical receptors was assessed using a gas esthesiometer. All the measurements were made before and 5 min after saline and hydroxypropyl-guar (HP-guar) drops. RESULTS: In dry eye patients the intensity of irritation increased rapidly after the last blink during forced blinking, while in controls there was no alteration in the intensity during the first 10 sec followed by an exponential increase. Irritation scores were significantly higher in dry eye patients throughout the entire interblink interval compared to controls (p0.05). CONCLUSION: Ocular surface irritation responses due to tear film drying are considerably increased in dry eye patients compared to normal subjects. Although tear supplementation improves the protective tear film layer, and thus reduce unpleasant sensory responses, the rapid rise in discomfort is still maintained and might be responsible for the remaining complaints of dry eye patients despite the treatment

    An experimental model of neuro–immune interactions in the eye: Corneal sensory nerves and resident dendritic cells

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    This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Pathogenesis and Regulation of Ocular Inflammation.The cornea is an avascular connective tissue that is crucial, not only as the primary barrier of the eye but also as a proper transparent refractive structure. Corneal transparency is necessary for vision and is the result of several factors, including its highly organized structure, the physiology of its few cellular components, the lack of myelinated nerves (although it is extremely innervated), the tightly controlled hydration state, and the absence of blood and lymphatic vessels in healthy conditions, among others. The avascular, immune-privileged tissue of the cornea is an ideal model to study the interactions between its well-characterized and dense sensory nerves (easily accessible for both focal electrophysiological recording and morphological studies) and the low number of resident immune cell types, distinguished from those cells migrating from blood vessels. This paper presents an overview of the corneal structure and innervation, the resident dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations present in the cornea, their distribution in relation to corneal nerves, and their role in ocular inflammatory diseases. A mouse model in which sensory axons are constitutively labeled with tdTomato and DCs with green fluorescent protein (GFP) allows further analysis of the neuro-immune crosstalk under inflammatory and steady-state conditions of the eye.This work was funded by grants SAF2017–83674–C2–1–R (JG) and SAF2017–83674–C2–2–R (MCA) from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and European Regional Development Funds “Una manera de hacer Europa”, and grant PID2020–115934RB–I00 (JG/MCA) funded by MICIN/AEI/1013039/5011100011033. Funding by the Excellence Program grant PROMETEO/2018/114 (JG) and predoctoral fellowships ACIF/2017/169 (LF–R) from the Generalitat Valenciana and PRE2018–083980 (AI–P) from MICIN/AEI is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe

    Abnormal activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors underlies the unpleasant sensations in dry eye disease

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    Dry eye disease (DED) affects >10% of the population worldwide, and it provokes an unpleasant sensation of ocular dryness, whose underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Removal of the main lachrymal gland in guinea pigs caused long-term reduction of basal tearing accompanied by changes in the architecture and density of subbasal corneal nerves and epithelial terminals. After 4 weeks, ongoing impulse activity and responses to cooling of corneal cold thermoreceptor endings were enhanced. Menthol (200 μM) first excited and then inactivated this augmented spontaneous and cold-evoked activity. Comparatively, corneal polymodal nociceptors of tear-deficient eyes remained silent and exhibited only a mild sensitization to acidic stimulation, whereas mechanonociceptors were not affected. Dryness-induced changes in peripheral cold thermoreceptor responsiveness developed in parallel with a progressive excitability enhancement of corneal cold trigeminal ganglion neurons, primarily due to an increase of sodium currents and a decrease of potassium currents. In corneal polymodal nociceptor neurons, sodium currents were enhanced whereas potassium currents remain unaltered. In healthy humans, exposure of the eye surface to menthol vapors or to cold air currents evoked unpleasant sensations accompanied by increased blinking frequency that we attributed to cold thermoreceptor stimulation. Notably, stimulation with menthol reduced the ongoing background discomfort of patients with DED, conceivably due to use-dependent inactivation of cold thermoreceptors. Together, these data indicate that cold thermoreceptors contribute importantly to the detection and signaling of ocular surface wetness, and develop under chronic eye dryness conditions an injury-evoked neuropathic firing that seems to underlie the unpleasant sensations experienced by patients with DED.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, projects SAF2014-54518-C3-1-R and SAF2011-22500 (J.G.), and in part by SAF2014-54518-C3-2-R and BFU2008-04425 (C.B.), BFU2012-36845 and RETICS RD12/0034/0010 (N.C.), FIS PI11/01601, FIS PI14/00141, 2014SGR1165, and RD12/0034/0003 (X.G.), Fundación María Cristina Masaveu Peterson and PI FIS 110288 (J.M.-L. and C.B.), and by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund—European FP7 Marie Curie Mobility grant Human-MB08A 80372 and OTKA NN106649 (I.K.)

    La Carta de Baeza sobre Patrimonio Agrario

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    El autor que aparece como principal lo es en condición de director de la ediciónEste documento es resultado del Seminario "El Patrimonio Agrario: razones para el reconocimiento cultural de los bienes agrícolas y ganaderos", celebrado en la Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, sede de Baeza, el 26-27 de octubre de 20102.La Carta de Baeza sobre Patrimonio Agrario es un documento surgido de las reflexiones de todos los investigadores del Proyecto PAGO y de los asistentes al Seminario El Patrimonio Agrario: razones para el reconocimiento cultural de los bienes agrícolas y ganaderos, celebrado los días 26 y 27 de octubre de 2012 en Baeza, y organizado por la Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, en el campus Antonio Machado. Se trata de un documento cuya pretensión es identificar las claves que deben servir para definir, caracterizar y proteger los bienes agrícolas, ganaderos y silvícolas y lo hace proponiendo un nuevo tipo de bien cultural, el Patrimonio Agrario, el cual pretendemos que se convierta en una nueva categoría patrimonial como ha sucedido recientemente con el Patrimonio Industrial. Este documento nace con el propósito de propiciar un debate público (científico, social e institucional) a partir del cual puedan consensuarse unos principios y mecanismos que permitan reconocer y preservar el valor de los espacios y bienes agrarios históricos y tradicionales, todo ello con el objetivo último de conseguir el reconocimiento y dignificación del sector agrario. La vocación de este documento es internacional, por lo que nuestra pretensión es trasladarlo a los organismos internacionales con competencias en la materia (ICOMOS, FAO, UNESCO, etc.) para que hagan suya esta declaración de intenciones.Universidad Internacional de Andalucía (UNIA)Proyecto de Investigación "El Patrimonio Agrario: la construcción cultural del territorio a través de la actividad agraria" (PAGO) HAR2010-15809, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
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